Nha Trang (, Vietnamese pronunciation: [?a:? ??a:??] ( listen)) is a coastal city and capital of Khánh Hòa Province, on the South Central Coast of Vietnam. It is bounded on the north by Ninh Hoà district, on the south by Cam Ranh town and on the west by Diên Khánh District. The city has about 392,000 inhabitants, a number that is projected to increase to 560,000 by 2015 and 630,000 inhabitants by 2025. An area of 12.87 square kilometres (4.97 sq mi) of the western communes of Diên An and Diên Toàn is planned to be merged into Nha Trang which will make its new area 265.47 square kilometres (102.50 sq mi) based on the approval of the Prime Minister of Vietnam in September 2012.
Nha Trang is well known for its beaches and scuba diving and has developed into a popular destination for international tourists, attracting large numbers of backpackers, as well as more affluent travelers on the south-east Asia circuit; it is already very popular with Vietnamese tourists, with Nha Trang Bay widely considered as among the world's most beautiful bays. Tourists are welcomed to participate in the Sea Festival, held biennially. Nha Trang was the site of the Miss Universe 2008 Pageant on July 14, 2008 and Miss Earth 2010 was held on December 4, 2010. It was also the site for the April 14, 2015 season 8 finale of Face Off. Nha Trang has been approved to host the 2016 Asian Beach Games.
Historically, the city was known as Kauthara under the Champa. The city is still home to the famous Po Nagar Tower built by the Champa. Being a coastal city, Nha Trang is a centre for marine science based at the Nha Trang Oceanography Institute. The Hon Mun marine protected area is one of four first marine protected areas in the world admitted by the IUCN.
Video Nha Trang
Etymology
According to some researchers, the name Nha Trang derives from a Vietnamese spelling of the Cham language name of the site Ya Trang (literally "Reed River"), the name of the Cai River as referred to by the Cham people. From the name of this river, the name was adopted to call what is now Nha Trang, which was officially made Vietnam's territory in 1698. Ya Drang is a common Cham and Montagnard place name, same as Ia Drang Valley.
As far as the recorded naming of Nha Trang is concerned, in Toàn t?p Thiên Nam T? Chí L? ?? Th?, a geographical book written by a Vietnamese scholar with the family of ?? Bá in the second half of the 18th century, the name Nha Trang Môn ("Nha Trang gate") was mentioned. In another map dating to the 17th century, known as Giáp Ng? Niên Bình Nam ?? by a noble called ?oan Qu?n công Bùi Th? ??t, the name Nha Trang H?i môn (Nha Trang Sea Gate) was also cited. In Vietnamese recorded historic bibliographies, these books are perhaps the earliest ones that mentioned this place name.
In a work by Lê Quý ?ôn called Ph? biên t?p l?c (1776), many Nha Trang-related names were mentioned, such as ??m Nha Trang, dinh Nha Trang, ngu?n Nha Trang, and ?èo Nha Trang. Some would say that the Nha Trang is actually a part of the Dead Sea in the early 1700s but the idea was then removed in 1738.
Maps Nha Trang
History
Kauthara, also translated as ancient clam, is a constituent state of the empire-leading kingdom and its ruling area is located in the area from today's Fu An province to Cam Ranh. Yanpunagara, the capital of Yangpu, occupies the faith of a man and is deeply influenced by religions such as Brahmanism and Buddhism. However, in addition to that, the gods who formerly occupied ruled the indigenous faith in the motherland, such as Çri Maladakuthara (????????) in the ancient Gur'an region in the south, are one of those who can preserve the old God Most of the old gods who dominated the motherland were replaced by brahmanist gods such as the goddess Yan Pu Nagara (?????) and the Bhagavati (?????), Replaced, located in Nha Trang near today. Bhagavati is mixed with Yan Pu Nagara, a goddess in the local faith, which is quite revered by the people and has dedicated ancestral temples to enshrine it.
From 1653 to the 19th century, Nha Trang was a deserted area rich in wildlife (animals like tigers) and was a part of Hà B?c, V?nh X??ng County, Diên Khánh Province. After just two decades in the early 20th century, Nha Trang underwent a rapid change. On August 30, 1924, the Governor-General of French Indochina decreed Nha Trang as a townlet (urban centre). Nha Trang Townlet was established from the ancient villages of X??ng Huân, Ph??ng Câu, V?n Th?nh, Ph??ng Sài, and Ph??c H?i.
During French Indochina, Nha Trang was seen as de facto capital of Khánh Hòa Province. The colonial administration offices (like Envoy Office, Commanding Office, Trade Office, Post Office) were situated in Nha Trang. Local royal offices like Province Chief, Provincial Judge, Military Commander are in Diên Khánh city (a walled military city 10 km south-west of Nha Trang).
On 7 May 1937, the Governor-General of French Indochina by another decree upgraded Nha Trang Townlet to town. At this time, Nha Trang Town had five wards based on the ancient villages merged to make the town: X??ng Huân, Ph??ng Câu, V?n Th?nh, Ph??ng Sài, and Ph??c H?i.
On 27 January 1958, the president of the Republic of Vietnam, Ngô ?ình Di?m by Decree 18-BNV abrogated the town status of Nha Trang and divided Nha Trang into two rural communes: Nha Trang ?ông (Eastern Nha Trang) and Nha Trang Tây (Western Nha Trang), under the administration of V?nh X??ng County.
On 22 October 1970, the government of the Republic of Vietnam by Decree 132-SL/NV reestablished Nha Trang Town on the ground of Nha Trang ?ông and Nha Trang Tây and other rural communes -- V?nh H?i, V?nh Ph??c, V?nh Tr??ng, V?nh Nguyên, and villages Ph??c H?i (V?nh Thái Commune), V?nh ?i?m H? (V?nh Hi?p Commune), Ng?c Th?o, Ng?c H?i, L? C?m Villages (V?nh Ng?c Commune) under the administration of Vinh Xuong County, together with islands Hòn L?n, Hòn M?t, Hòn Mun, Hòn Mi?u, Hòn T?m. Nha Trang Town was made the capital of Khanh Hoa Province. The town included two districts. District 1 covered communes Nha Trang ?ông, V?nh H?i, V?nh Ph??c, and villages Ng?c Th?o, Ng?c H?i and L? C?m of V?nh Ng?c Commune, V?nh ?i?m H? village of V?nh Hi?p Commune. District 2 covered communes Nha Trang Tây, V?nh Tr??ng, V?nh Nguyên (inclusive of islands of Hòn Tre, Hòn M?t, Hòn Mun, Hòn T?m), Ph??c H?i village of V?nh Thái Commune.
Following that establishment, the government by Decree 357-?UHC/NC/N? dated 5 June 1971 divided Nha Trang into 11 urban zones, of which, district 1 covered urban zones of V?nh H?i, V?nh Ph??c, Ng?c Hi?p, V?n Th?nh, Duy Tân; district 2 covered urban wards of V?nh Nguyên, V?nh Tr??ng, Ph??ng Sài, Tân Ph??c, Tân L?p, Ph??c H?i. Decree 553-BNV/HC?P/NV dated 22 August 1972 renamed urban zones into urban wards. Decree 444-BNV/HC?P/26.X dated 3 September 1974 merged islands of Hòn M?t, Hòn C?u, Hòn ??n, Hòn Chóp Vung, Hòn ?? into V?nh H?i ward (district 1) and Hòn Ng?c into V?nh Nguyên ward (district 2) of Nha Trang Town.
On 2 April 1975, communist (Viet Cong/PRG/VPA) forces captured the city. On 4 April 1975, Khánh Hòa Military Commission (?y ban Quân qu?n Khánh Hòa) divided Nha Trang into three administrative districts: District 1, District 2 and V?nh X??ng District. In September 1975, the districts were merged to become one entity, the town of Nha Trang.
On 30 March 1977, the Council of the Government (now the cabinet) of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam by Decision 391-CP/Q? upgraded Nha Trang to city status, a county-level city under the administration of Phú Khánh Province (a province created by merger of now Phú Yên Province and Khánh Hòa Province). Seven communes of former V?nh X??ng County, namely V?nh Thái, V?nh Ng?c, V?nh Hi?p, V?nh L??ng, V?nh Trung, V?nh Th?nh, V?nh Ph??ng was split from Khánh X??ng County to become Nha Trang City territory.
On 27 March 1978, the provincial government by Decision 54-BT founded Ph??c ??ng Commune under Nha Trang City.
On 1 July 1989, Khanh Hoa was split from Phu Khanh Province to become Khánh Hòa Province as it was before, Nha Trang was made the capital of Khánh Hòa Province. On April 22, 1999, the prime minister by Decision 106/1999 recognized Nha Trang City the second class municipal city. On April 22, 2009, the prime minister Nguy?n T?n D?ng recognized Nha Trang City at the first class municipal city.
Geography
Nha Trang city has a metropolitan area of 251 km² and population of about 500,000. It borders Ninh Hòa town in the north, Cam Ranh city in the south, Diên Khánh town in the west and the East Sea to the east. The city is on the beautiful Nha Trang Bay, which was chosen by Travel + Leisure in two succeeding years as one of 29 most beautiful bays in the world. Nha Trang is surrounded on all three sides by mountains and a large island and four smaller ones on the fourth side (in the ocean directly in front of the city's main area), blocking major storms from potentially damaging the city.
Climate
Nha Trang has a tropical savanna climate with a lengthy dry season from January to August and a shorter wet season from September to December, when 1,029 millimetres (41 in) of the city's total annual rainfall of 1,361 millimetres (54 in) is received from the north-east monsoon. During the wet season extremely heavy rainfall from typhoons is not uncommon, though the city is shielded from the worst winds.
Administrative divisions
Nha Trang is subdivided into 27 wards and communes, of which 20 are urban wards: V?nh H?i, V?nh Ph??c, V?nh Th?, X??ng Huân, V?n Th?ng, V?n Th?nh, Ph??ng Sài, Ph??ng S?n, Ng?c Hi?p, Ph??c Hòa, Ph??c Tân, Ph??c Ti?n, Ph??c H?i, L?c Th?, Tân L?p, V?nh Nguyên, V?nh Tr??ng, Ph??c Long (founded in November 1998), V?nh Hòa (founded in April 2002); and 8 suburban communes: V?nh Ph??ng, V?nh Trung, V?nh Th?nh, V?nh Thái, V?nh Hi?p, V?nh Ng?c, V?nh L??ng, and Ph??c ??ng. Since 1998, due to the high pace of urbanization, many urban planned zones have been built: Hòn R?, B?c Vi?t, Thánh Gia, ???ng ??, and Nam Hòn Khô.
Education
Nha Trang is home to the multidisciplinary Nha Trang University (formerly Nha Trang Fishery University); the Naval and Aviation Academy; a teacher's training college; the Arts and Tourism College, as well as the Nha Trang Oceanography Institute a unique institute of oceanography in Vietnam and the Pasteur Institute of Nha Trang, one of the many famous Pasteur Institutes.
Nha Trang Pasteur Institute
The French-Swiss bacteriologist Alexandre Yersin, discoverer of the Yersinia pestis bacterium lived in Nha Trang for 50 years and was affectionately known as Ông N?m. He established the Indochinese Pasteur Institute (now known as the Pasteur Institute of Nha Trang), devoted to researching the bubonic plague. Yersin died in Nha Trang on 1 March 1943. A street in the city is named after him, and a shrine has been built over his tomb. There is a Yersin Museum dedicated to his achievements.
Economy
Nha Trang's economy relies largely on tourism. In the suburban areas around the city, the shipbuilding industry has developed and contributed significantly to the local economy. Fishery and services are also important to the city. Khánh Hòa Province in general and Nha Trang is particular are among the largest contributors to Vietnam's annual budget revenues. Lobster farming on the sea is an important industry for the people living in suburb areas.
To the south of the city, by Cam Ranh Bay, several industrial parks are under construction and have been partly available for investors. Once the construction of the deep-water port on Vân Phong Bay has been completed, this area will become the third important economic zone in the province (besides Nha Trang and Cam Ranh).
Tourism
Nha Trang is one of the most important tourist hubs of Vietnam, thanks to its beaches with fine and clean sand and the clear ocean water with mild temperatures all year round. There are several resorts -- such as Vinpearl, Diamond Bay and Ana Mandara -- and amusement and water parks, in the city and on islands off the coast. The possibly most beautiful street of Nha Trang is Tran Phu Street along the seaside, sometimes referred to as the Pacific Coast Highway of Vietnam.
Lying off Nha Trang is the Hon Tre Island (Bamboo Island), with a major resort operated by the Vinpearl Group. The Vinpearl Cable Car, a gondola lift system, links the mainland to the five-star resort and theme park on Hon Tre Island.
Nha Trang is a stopover for annual yacht races starting in Hong Kong. In recent years, the city has welcomed many five-star sea cruises. In addition to sailboat racing, Nha Trang provides a rich variety of tourist activities for visitors. Island hopping, scuba diving, water sports and other sporting activities can be enjoyed. The Nha Trang Tourist Information Center (a non-governmental organisation), located near the Cho Dam Market has been set up to provide information for visitors.
The local cuisine is most famous for fresh seafood and barbecued pork rolled in rice paper. The area's bird's nest soup is deemed one of the best in Vietnam. Bird's nests are collected in the wild, on bird farms on the islands off the coast and even in some houses in the inner city. The farmed bird in question belongs to the swiftlet group, popularly referred to as y?n hàng (Aerodramus fuciphagus and A. germani).
Long S?n Pagoda is prominent for its statue of Gautama Buddha.
Tourist attractions
Scuba diving and kite boarding are available, as are catamaran sailboats. Winds are steady.
- Alexandre Yersin Museum
- Pasteur Institute of Nha Trang
- Nha Trang Oceanography Institute, the largest of its kind in Indochina where thousands of oceanic life samples, exhibits are on display. It is home to the largest oceanic library in Vietnam.
- Chánh T?a Church (or Mountain Church)
- Magical Mystery Tour Nha Trang
- Boat tour on Cai River, visiting islands off the coast and Ba H? Waterfall
- Palace of Emperor B?o ??i
- Thap Ba Hot Spring (Lady Tower hot spring)
- Nha Phu Lagoon
- Hoa Lan Stream (Orchid Flower stream)
- Monkey Island
- S?n Beach
- Nha Trang Booze Cruise (all-you-can-drink party boat)
- Hòn T?m Island (Silkworm island)
- Hòn Mun Island (Ebony island)
- Hòn Con S? Tre Island (Bamboo Sparrow island)
- Hòn Ông Island
- ??o Y?n Island (Swiftlet island)
- Hòn Tre Island (Bamboo island)
- Su?i ?? Stream
- Su?i Tiên Stream (Fairy stream)
- Hòn Bà Mountain
- Cai River Minigolf & Restaurant & Marina
- Yangbay Waterfall
- Tháp Bà Pô Nagar Nha Trang (a Champa Tower)
- Chùa Long S?n (Long Son Pagoda, literally "The Dragon Mountain Pagoda" -- or White Buddha Pagoda)
- Trí Nguyên Aquarium (an aquarium where hundreds of rare oceanic species are fed)
- Vinpearl Cable Car
Culture
Cuisine
Two local culinary specialities that attract people are bánh canh ch? cá (bánh canh with fish paddies) and bún cá s?a (rice vermicelli with jelly fish).
Nightlife
The nightlife is limited, but near the Biet Thu tourist district, it can go beyond midnight. The nightlife is therefore known as superior to other coastal towns such as Mui Ne, Da Nang and V?ng Tàu. It is usually busiest around the Vietnamese New Year and can be worth visiting most of the year, with the possible exception of the rainy period (especially November).
Many tourists enjoy the Nha Trang River Cai boat ride (locally known as Song Cai, as "song" means "river" in the Vietnamese language).
Transportation
When Cam Ranh Bay used to be an important naval base, Nha Trang Airport was the main airport of the city. This airport was used by the United States Air Force and Republic of Vietnam Air Force during the Vietnam War. When part of Cam Ranh Bay was made an economic development zone by the Vietnamese government, Cam Ranh International Airport (also a military airport built by the United States during Vietnam War) was made the new civilian airport of the city. This airport is located by Cam Ranh Bay, 28 km (17 mi) south of the city and was (as of 2007) the fourth busiest airport in passenger traffic in Vietnam serving more than 683,000 passengers in 2008. As of 2016, the airport has domestic connections to Hanoi, H? Chí Minh City, H?i Phòng, ?à N?ng, Vinh.
The city is next to the National Route 1A, the backbone north-south road of the country. The Reunification Railway crosses the city and stops at Nha Trang Railway Station. The construction work of Vân Phong Port, north of the city, a deep-water project capable of handling ships up to 100,000 tonnes, and with a capacity of 100 million tonnes of cargo per annum, is under progress by a consortium of Japanese corporations. The estimated investment capital for this port-city complex project is expected to reach US$15 billion.
Gallery
Sister cities
- Thái Nguyên, Vietnam
- Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
See also
- Entovalva nhatrangensis
Notes
References
External links
- Official website of the provincial government
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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